Written by Rabbi Daniel Yaakov Travis
(based on a derasha from
HaGaon Rav Moshe Sternbuch, shlita
Ravad of Yerushalayim)
Shemita and Har Sinai
“And Hashem spoke to Moshe at Har Sinai…” (Vayikra 25:1)
What is the connection between shemita and Har Sinai? Just as the mitzvah of shemita was given on Har Sinai with all of its details and guidelines, so, too, all of the details and guidelines of all the mitzvos were given on Har Sinai. (Rashi)
Rashi's words are difficult to understand. Shabbos, tefilin, and tzitzis are among the many other mitzvos that also have numerous details and guidelines; why was shemita singled out to teach us this principle?
Shemita challenges every farmer with a dual test of his faith. Firstly, he has to stop all agricultural work for an entire year, thus giving up the primary source of his income, and in addition, during this period of financial strain, he cannot prevent anyone from entering his property and taking any produce that he or she desire.
Shemita teaches us one of the central points of the entire Torah: every Jew must have complete bitachon in Hashem. By placing all of our trust in the Almighty, we testify that He, alone, created the world and continues to run it on a constant, uninterrupted basis. Keeping this principle in mind aids us in fulfilling all the mitzvos of the Torah.
One example of this is the prohibition of onah, cheating others, which the Torah lists next to the mitzvah of shemita. A swindler thinks that he can increase his income by cheating others, and he sells inferior quality products as grade-A merchandise at inflated prices, extolling the virtues of his goods. Profits soar, and seemingly, he has beat the system.
Rav Elchanon Wasserman explained that this is all an illusion. A person cannot “grab” money that is not rightfully his. Hashem will merely deduct this income from somewhere else, or send him expenses or problems that were not previously coming to him.
A person who has complete faith in the Almighty does not need to overcharge to earn a living. He recognizes that all of his income comes from Above, and whatever is meant for him can come via honest means. This is the reason the Torah writes, “and you shall fear Hashem” in conjunction with the prohibition of onah.
Temporary Residents
“for the land belongs to Me…” (25:23)
The Torah teaches us that we cannot sell any segment of land of Israel forever, since the land belongs to Hashem. During the shemita year, we internalize this fundamental principle that everything really belongs to the Almighty. He is merely letting us borrow it on a temporary basis.
Barron Rothschild, the wealthy businessman and philanthropist, once visited Yerushalayim to seek out whomever was the greatest Torah scholar of his time. After numerous inquiries, the unanimous response he received was that the great Gaon Rav Yehoshua Leib Diskin was the rav he was looking for. Barron Rothschild asked to be taken to meet with him.
Rav Yehoshua Leib Diskin lived in cramped quarters in a small apartment, which had a window overlooking the site of the destroyed Beis HaMikdash. From time to time, he would look out the window and burst into tears upon seeing the Temple in ruins. During his twenty years living in Yerushalayim, he never once visited the Kosel, lest he faint from the anguish of this painful experience.
Barron Rothschild stared in shock at the austere residence of this world-renowned rav, and eventually, he asked what he apparently had been thinking since his arrival: “I heard that you are the greatest talmid chacham of Klal Yisrael – how come you live in such a tiny apartment?!”
Rav Yehoshua Leib replied, “What you heard, that I am a great Torah scholar, is not true. In truth, I know very little. However, I can testify that everything that I know is because I live simply. If I were to live in lavish quarters, I would have achieved nothing.” Barron Rothschild was taken aback by the striking sincerity of Rav Yehoshu Leib.
From here we see that a person must constantly remember his true status in this world. A person who renders himself a permanent resident in this world will have difficulty acquiring a place in the next. Only someone who chooses to be a temporary resident here can reach exalted heights in spiritual matters.
By keeping in mind how short our lives are, we can remember that Hashem is in control of everything, When the Vilna Gaon was alive, his daughter passed away at a young age, he eulogized her quoting the verse in Mishle, “There are those who are swept away before their time.” Sometimes Hashem brings neshamos down to this world for a temporary visit, in order to return them back to shemayaim in a special place set aside for these precious souls.
Definite Returns
The Torah also lists the prohibition of ribis together with shemita. Since the central idea of this parsha is complete trust in Hashem, ribis should also express this theme; how do we see this?
Every business undertaking involves some level of risk, for, even a “sure” investment could potentially turn sour and cause a person to lose his money. This risk factor forces a person to recognize that Hashem is the true Source of all wealth, and makes sure he will not make the mistake of thinking that his profits come from his wise investment tactics.
The Kli Yakar points out the exception to this principle, the area where such a “risk factor” is almost never in play: taking interest from a Jew. Making a deal to lend money to another honest Jew with interest would seem to provide a sure way for a person to get high returns. This choice of investments, therefore, threatens a Jew's trust in Hashem, and as such, the Torah prohibits it.
In truth, we cannot really fathom the full depth of the reasons behind Hashem's mitzvos. At best, we can get a small taste of some of the deep, philosophical underpinnings behind each commandment, and if we desire and venture to understand them as best we can, this can be enough to provide us with inspiration to fulfill the mitzvos properly.
Parshas Behar, teaches us that the underlying principle that helps us to fulfill all of the mitzvos is bitachon as it expresses itself in the mitzvos of shemita, onah, and ribbis. Complete belief in Hashem enables us to accept that every aspect of the mitzvos is Divine, and that in His infinite wisdom, He gave them to us so we can perfect ourselves. Once we have internalized this message, we are ready for the complete kabbalas HaTorah that takes place on the Yom Tov of Shavuos.
(Rabbi Travis is Rosh Kollel of Kollel Toras Chaim in Yerushalayim and is the author of Shaylos U'Teshuvos Toras Chaim and "Praying With Joy – A Daily Tefilla Companion" a practical daily guide to improving one's prayers, available from Feldheim Publishers. Rav Sternbuch's weekly shiurim on the parasha are now available as a sefer entitled "A Voice in the Darkness". For more information about his work contact dytravis@actcom.com.)
